*****AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY*****
(REFERENCE 1 OF 10) 88073960
Ross RD Bisset GS 3d Meyer RA Hannon DW Bove KE Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of pulmonary vein stenosis after "correction" of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
In: Am J Cardiol (1987 Nov 15) 60(14):1199-201
ISSN: 0002-9149
[No Abstract Available]
Institutional address: Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati Ohio.
*****ANNALES DE RADIOLOGIE*****
(REFERENCE 2 OF 10) 80173777
Baudain P Coulomb M Rossignol AM Rossignol B Pulmonary vein stenosis: pre-operative diagnosis by angiography using the "blocked catheter" technique.
In: Ann Radiol (Paris) (1980 Mar) 23(3):163-8
ISSN: 0003-4185 (Published in English and French)
[No Abstract Available]
*****ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY*****
(REFERENCE 3 OF 10) 99090948
Caldarone CA Najm HK Kadletz M Smallhorn JF Freedom RM Williams WG Coles JG Relentless pulmonary vein stenosis after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.
In: Ann Thorac Surg (1998 Nov) 66(5):1514-20
ISSN: 0003-4975
BACKGROUND: Progressive stenosis of the pulmonary veins after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is frequently refractory to surgical therapy. METHODS: Retrospective review of 170 consecutive patients treated for total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage identified 13 patients with postrepair pulmonary vein stenosis. Preoperative and operative data were analyzed to define the patterns of progression and efficacy of surgical techniques. RESULTS: Seventeen reoperations were performed in 13 patients. Postrepair pulmonary vein stenosis was most common in the infracardiac and mixed subtypes (p < 0.02). All 4 patients with unilateral stenosis, 2 of whom had progression of stenosis resulting in nearly complete unilateral pulmonary vein occlusion, survived. Six of 9 patients with bilateral disease died (p < 0.05 versus unilateral); 2 of the 3 survivors were repaired with a novel technique creating a sutureless neoatrium without evidence of restenosis at 1.8 years' follow-up. Stenting was uniformly unsuccessful. CONCLUSIONS: In unilateral stenosis, progression of disease may be survivable with loss of single-lung perfusion. Although bilateral disease is lethal in most cases, creation of a sutureless neoatrium has demonstrated short-term freedom from disease progression.
Institutional address: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto and University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine Canada. Chris-Caldarone@UIowa.edu
(REFERENCE 4 OF 10) 95321803
van Son JA Danielson GK Puga FJ Edwards WD Driscoll DJ Repair of congenital and acquired pulmonary vein stenosis.
In: Ann Thorac Surg (1995 Jul) 60(1):144-50
ISSN: 0003-4975
BACKGROUND. Congenital pulmonary vein stenosis is a rare cause of obstruction of pulmonary venous blood flow with a high mortality. Acquired pulmonary vein stenosis is an equally serious condition. METHODS. Eight patients (age range, 3 months to 43 years; median age, 1.5 years) underwent surgical relief of pulmonary vein stenosis. Two had congenital pulmonary vein stenosis, 5 had pulmonary vein stenosis that was acquired after surgical treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, and 1 had pulmonary vein stenosis associated with idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis and calcification. RESULTS. One infant died 2 months after correction of acquired pulmonary vein stenosis. At follow-up extending to 16 years (median follow-up, 6.5 years), 6 patients are in New York Heart Association functional class I, and 1 patient is in class II. CONCLUSIONS. In view of the dismal natural history of untreated pulmonary vein stenosis, prompt surgical relief of the stenosis may be a rewarding undertaking.
Institutional address: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester
MN 55905 USA.
(REFERENCE 5 OF 10) 96005926
Mendeloff EN Spray TL Huddleston CB Bridges ND Canter CB Mallory GB Jr Lung transplantation for congenital pulmonary vein stenosis.
In: Ann Thorac Surg (1995 Oct) 60(4):903-6; discussion 907
ISSN: 0003-4975
BACKGROUND. Congenital pulmonary vein stenosis is a uniformly fatal disease when left untreated. Transcatheter techniques (for example, balloon dilation and stent placement) have proved to be only temporizing measures, and previous surgical attempts at treatment of this entity have provided little improvement and few survivors. METHODS. Over the last 4 years, 6 patients with congenital pulmonary vein stenosis have been treated at our institution, 3 of whom underwent bilateral sequential lung transplantation. RESULTS. The 3 patients who underwent bilateral lung transplantation are alive and well 6 to 24 months after transplantation. The other 3 died of complications of the disease before donor lungs became available. CONCLUSIONS. Making the diagnosis of congenital pulmonary vein stenosis requires a high index of suspicion, and referral for lung transplantation should be made as soon as the diagnosis is reached. Lung transplantation has resulted in good-quality short to medium- term survival for 3 patients with this otherwise untreatable disease.
Institutional address: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA.
*****BRITISH HEART JOURNAL*****
(REFERENCE 6 OF 10) 86242971
Reid JM Jamieson MP Cowan MD Unilateral pulmonary vein stenosis.
In: Br Heart J (1986 Jun) 55(6):599-601
ISSN: 0007-0769
Unilateral pulmonary vein stenosis is a rare congenital anomaly. A case is described in a girl who first presented at the age of four years with recurring haemoptysis but in whom diagnosis was not established until she was 16 years old. Pulmonary angiography demonstrated a minimally hypoplastic right pulmonary artery, and the laevophase showed normal pulmonary venous return from the left lung, but none from the right. Surgical treatment was necessary because of life threatening haemoptysis, and pneumonectomy was required in the light of the findings at operation.
*****HUMAN PATHOLOGY*****
(REFERENCE 7 OF 10) 95362227
Sun CC Doyle T Ringel RE Pulmonary vein stenosis.
In: Hum Pathol (1995 Aug) 26(8):880-6
ISSN: 0046-8177
Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare disorder. Accurate diagnosis often requires anatomical examination. We report four children with pulmonary vein stenosis. Autopsy showed bilateral lesions in two patients who were thought clinically to have unilateral disease. A diagnosis of PVS was made at autopsy in the third case. Intimal and medial fibromuscular proliferation was noted in extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary veins. Some of the fibromuscular proliferation were
eccentric, resembling organized thrombi. In one case a focal organizing thrombus was found in a clinically unobstructed but anatomically narrowed veno-atrial junction. In another case injection of contrast medium into the stenotic pulmonary vein (PV) showed anastomosis between PV and bronchial vessels as well as small pulmonary arteries. Bilateral hypertensive arteriopathy was observed in unilateral and bilateral PVS. Our histological finding of intrapulmonary venous lesions in the lobes in which PVS was not detected clinically suggests that during surgical correction of unilateral PVS multiple biopsies of the opposite lung may help to evaluate possible bilateral disease. Our study also suggests that thrombosis in a stenotic pulmonary vein may further compromise the lumen and contribute to the progression of pulmonary vein obstruction. The possible pathogenesis of bilateral pulmonary hypertensive arteriopathy in unilateral PVS also is discussed.
Institutional address: Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore USA.
*****JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY*****
(REFERENCE 8 OF 10) 98233082
Ha JW Chung N Yoon J Jang Y Kim BO Cho SY Cho BK Pulsed wave and color Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization findings in bilateral pulmonary vein stenosis.
In: J Am Soc Echocardiogr (1998 Apr) 11(4):393-6
ISSN: 0894-7317
Pulmonary vein stenosis is a rare condition that usually is congenital in origin; it is almost invariably fatal in its bilateral and severe forms. It is often overlooked, however, during clinical examination, routine echocardiography, and even at cardiac catheterization. This report describes the pulsed Doppler, color flow echocardiography, and hemodynamic findings of bilateral pulmonary vein stenosis that accompany ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect corrected by surgery.
Institutional address: Cardiology Division Yonsei Cardiovascular Center Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea.
*****JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY*****
(REFERENCE 9 OF 10) 98133692
Najm HK Caldarone CA Smallhorn J Coles JG A sutureless technique for the relief of pulmonary vein stenosis with the use of in situ pericardium.
In: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg (1998 Feb) 115(2):468-70
ISSN: 0022-5223
[No Abstract Available]
Institutional address: Department of Surgery Hospital of Sick Children and University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine Ontario Canada.
*****PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY*****
(REFERENCE 10 OF 10) 95089973
Bu'Lock FA Jordan SC Martin RP Successful balloon dilatation of ascending vein stenosis in obstructed supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
In: Pediatr Cardiol (1994 Mar-Apr) 15(2):78-80
ISSN: 0172-0643
A newborn infant presenting with severe hypoxia and pulmonary edema was found to have supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). There was a severe localized stenosis (gradient > 30 mmHg) of the vein ascending from the pulmonary venous confluence. Balloon dilatation of the stenosis provided immediate and effective relief of the obstruction (gradient 4 mmHg) until surgery was performed. In sick neonates with discretely obstructed anomalous pulmonary venous connection, short-term hemodynamic stability may be achieved by balloon angioplasty of the site of obstruction.
Institutional address: Department of Paediatric Cardiology Bristol Royal Hospital for Sick Children UK.